This ambitious and wide-ranging popular history is the first narrative account of the entire Near East (Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States), from the genesis of civilisation in the fourth millennium BCE until modern times. It provides a historical outline of the civilisations and cultures that dominated the region, one that has had an immense impact on the development of humankind, ever since the ancient Sumerians invented urban living and writing around 3200 BCE. 00Later, the Babylonians and the Assyrians built upon the Sumerian legacy. They were the world?s earliest great powers, whose actions in the cradle of monotheism influenced Judaism and, eventually, Christianity and Islam. 'The Near East' discusses the long eras of Arab, Persian and Ottoman rule, and the destabilising intervention of Western colonial powers.