Susan J. Hall

Indeholder "Preface", "1. What Is Biomechanics?", " Biomechanics: Definition and Perspective", " Problems Studied by Biomechanists", " Why Study Biomechanics?", " Problem-Solving Approach", " Quantitative versus Qualitative Problems", " Solving Qualitative Problems", " Formal versus Informal Problems", " Solving Formal Quantitative Problems", " Units of Measurement", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "2. Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion", " Forms of Motion", " Linear Motion", " Angular Motion", " General Motion", " Mechanical Systems", " Standard Reference Terminology", " Anatomical Reference Position", " Directional Terms", " Anatomical Reference Planes", " Anatomical Reference Axes", " Joint Movement Terminology", " Sagittal Plane Movements", " Frontal Plane Movements", " Transverse Plane Movements", " Other Movements", " Spatial Reference Systems", " Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement", " Prerequisite Knowledge for a Qualitative Analysis", " Planning a Qualitative Analysis", " Conducting a Qualitative Analysis", " Tools for Measuring Kinematic Quantities", " Cinematography and Videography", " Other Movement Monitoring Systems", " Other Assessment Tools", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "3. Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion", " Basic Concepts Related to Kinetics", " Inertia", " Mass", " Force", " Center of Gravity", " Weight", " Pressure", " Volume", " Density", " Torque", " Impulse", " Mechanical Loads on the Human Body", " Compression, Tension, and Shear", " Mechanical Stress", " Torsion, Bending, and Combined Loads", " The Effects of Loading", " Repetitive versus Acute Loads", " Tools for Measuring Kinetic Quantities", " Electromyography", " Dynamography", " Vector Algebra", " Vector Composition", " Vector Resolution", " Graphic Solution of Vector Problems", " Trigonometric Solution of Vector Problems", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "4. The Biomechanics of Human Bone Growth and Development", " Composition and Structure of Bone Tissue", " Material Constituents", " Structural Organization", " Types of Bones", " Bone Growth and Development", " Longitudinal Growth", " Circumferential Growth", " Adult Bone Development", " Bone Response to Stress", " Bone Modeling and Remodeling", " Bone Hypertrophy", " Bone Atrophy", " Osteoporosis", " Postmenopausal and Age-Associated Osteoporosis", " Female Athlete Triad", " Preventing and Treating Osteoporosis", " Common Bone Injuries", " Fractures", " Epiphyseal Injuries", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "5. The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Articulations", " Joint Architecture", " Immovable Joints", " Slightly Movable Joints", " Freely Movable Joints", " Articular Cartilage", " Articular Fibrocartilage", " Articular Connective Tissue", " Joint Stability", " Shape of the Articulating Bone Surfaces", " Arrangement of Ligaments and Muscles", " Other Connective Tissues", " Joint Flexibility", " Measuring Joint Range of Motion", " Factors Influencing Joint Flexibility", " Flexibility and Injury", " Techniques for Increasing Joint Flexibility", " Neuromuscular Response to Stretch", " Active and Passive Stretching", " Ballistic and Static Stretching", " Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation", " Common Joint Injuries and Pathologies", " Sprains", " Dislocations", " Bursitis", " Arthritis", " Rheumatoid Arthritis", " Osteoarthritis", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "6. The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Muscle", " Behavioral Properties of the Musculotendinous Unit", " Extensibility and Elasticity", " Irritability and the Ability to Develop Tension", " Structural Organization of Skeletal Muscle", " Muscle Fibers", " Motor Units", " Fiber Types", " Fiber Architecture", " Skeletal Muscle Function", " Recruitment of Motor Units", " Change in Muscle Length with Tension Development", " Roles Assumed by Muscles", " Two-Joint and Multijoint Muscles", " Factors Affecting Muscular Force Generation", " Force-Velocity Relationship", " Length-Tension Relationship", " Stretch-Shortening Cycle", " Electromechanical Delay", " Muscular Strength, Power, and Endurance", " Muscular Strength", " Muscular Power", " Muscular Endurance", " Muscle Fatigue", " Effect of Muscle Temperature", " Common Muscle Injuries", " Strains", " Contusions", " Cramps", " Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness", " Compartment Syndrome", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "7. The Biomechanics of the Human Upper Extremity", " Structure of the Shoulder", " Sternoclavicular Joint", " Acromioclavicular Joint", " Coracoclavicular Joint", " Glenohumeral Joint", " Scapulothoracic Joint", " Bursae", " Movements of the Shoulder Complex", " Muscles of the Scapula", " Muscles of the Glenohumeral Joint", " Flexion at the Glenohumeral Joint", " Extension at the Glenohumeral Joint", " Abduction at the Glenohumeral Joint", " Adduction at the Glenohumeral Joint", " Medial and Lateral Rotation of the Humerus", " Horizontal Adduction and Abduction at the Glenohumeral Joint", " Loads on the Shoulder", " Common Injuries of the Shoulder", " Dislocations", " Rotator Cuff Damage", " Rotational Injuries", " Subscapular Neuropathy", " Structure of the Elbow", " Humeroulnar Joint", " Humeroradial Joint", " Proximal Radioulnar Joint", " Movements at the Elbow", " Muscles Crossing the Elbow", " Flexion and Extension", " Pronation and Supination", " Loads on the Elbow", " Common Injuries of the Elbow", " Sprains and Dislocations", " Overuse Injuries", " Structure of the Wrist", " Movements of the Wrist", " Flexion", " Extension and Hyperextension", " Radial and Ulnar Deviation", " Structure of the Joints of the Hand", " Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints", " Metacarpophalangeal Joints", " Interphalangeal Joints", " Movements of the Hand", " Common Injuries of the Wrist and Hand", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "8. The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity", " Structure of the Hip", " Movements at the Hip", " Muscles of the Hip", " Flexion", " Extension", " Abduction", " Adduction", " Medial and Lateral Rotation of the Femur", " Horizontal Abduction and Adduction", " Loads on the Hip", " Common Injuries of the Hip", " Fractures", " Contusions", " Strains", " Structure of the Knee", " Tibiofemoral Joint", " Menisci", " Ligaments", " Patellofemoral Joint", " Joint Capsule and Bursae", " Movements at the Knee", " Muscles Crossing the Knee", " Flexion and Extension", " Rotation and Passive Abduction and Adduction", " Patellofemoral Joint Motion", " Loads on the Knee", " Forces at the Tibiofemoral Joint", " Forces at the Patellofemoral Joint", " Common Injuries of the Knee and Lower Leg", " Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries", " Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries", " Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries", " Prophylactic Knee Bracing", " Meniscus Injuries", " Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome", " Breaststroker's Knee", " Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome", " Shin Splints", " Structure of the Ankle", " Movements at the Ankle", " Structure of the Foot", " Subtalar Joint", " Tarsometatarsal and Intermetatarsal Joints", " Metatarsophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints", " Plantar Arches", " Movements of the Foot", " Muscles of the Foot", " Toe Flexion and Extension", " Inversion and Eversion", " Pronation and Supination", " Loads on the Foot", " Common Injuries of the Ankle and Foot", " Ankle Injuries", " Overuse Injuries", " Alignment Anomalies of the Foot", " Injuries Related to High and Low Arch Structures", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "9. The Biomechanics of the Human Spine", " Structure of the Spine", " Vertebral Column", " Vertebrae", " Intervertebral Discs", " Ligaments", " Spinal Curves", " Movements of the Spine", " Flexion, Extension, and Hyperextension", " Lateral Flexion and Rotation", " Muscles of the Spine", " Anterior Aspect", " Posterior Aspect", " Lateral Aspect", " Loads on the Spine", " Common Injuries of the Back and Neck", " Low Back Pain", " Soft-Tissue Injuries", " Acute Fractures", " Stress Fractures", " Disc Herniations", " Whiplash Injuries", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "10. Linear Kinematics of Human Movement", " Linear Kinematic Quantities", " Distance and Displacement", " Speed and Velocity", " Acceleration", " Average and Instantaneous Quantities", " Kinematics of Projectile Motion", " Horizontal and Vertical Components", " Influence of Gravity", " Influence of Air Resistance", " Factors Influencing Projectile Trajectory", " Projection Angle", " Projection Speed", " Relative Projection Height", " Optimum Projection Conditions", " Analyzing Projectile Motion", " Equations of Constant Acceleration", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "11. Angular Kinematics of Human Movement", " Observing the Angular Kinematics of Human Movement", " Measuring Angles", " Relative versus Absolute Angles", " Tools for Measuring Body Angles", " Instant Center of Rotation", " Angular Kinematic Relationships", " Angular Distance and Displacement", " Angular Speed and Velocity", " Angular Acceleration", " Angular Motion Vectors", " Average versus Instantaneous Angular Quantities", " Relationships Between Linear and Angular Motion", " Linear and Angular Displacement", " Linear and Angular Velocity", " Linear and Angular Acceleration", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "12. Linear Kinetics of Human Movement", " Newton's Laws", " Law of Inertia", " Law of Acceleration", " Law of Reaction", " Law of Gravitation", " Mechanical Behavior of Bodies in Contact", " Friction", " Momentum", " Impulse", " Impact", " Work, Power, and Energy Relationships", " Work", " Power", " Energy", " Conservation of Mechanical Energy", " Principle of Work and Energy", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "13. Equilibrium and Human Movement", " Equilibrium", " Torque", " Resultant Joint Torques", " Levers", " Anatomical Levers", " Equations of Static Equilibrium", " Equations of Dynamic Equilibrium", " Center of Gravity", " Locating the Center of Gravity", " Locating the Human Body Center of Gravity", " Stability and Balance", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "14. Angular Kinetics of Human Movement", " Resistance to Angular Acceleration", " Moment of Inertia", " Determining Moment of Inertia", " Human Body Moment of Inertia", " Angular Momentum", " Conservation of Angular Momentum", " Transfer of Angular Momentum", " Change in Angular Momentum", " Angular Analogues of Newton's Laws of Motion", " Newton's First Law", " Newton's Second Law", " Newton's Third Law", " Centripetal Force", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "15. Human Movement in a Fluid Medium", " The Nature of Fluids", " Relative Motion", " Laminar versus Turbulent Flow", " Fluid Properties", " Buoyancy", " Characteristics of the Buoyant Force", " Flotation", " Flotation of the Human Body", " Drag", " Skin Friction", " Form Drag", " Wave Drag", " Lift Force", " Foil Shape", " Magnus Effect", " Propulsion in a Fluid Medium", " Propulsive Drag Theory", " Propulsive Lift Theory", " Vortex Generation", " Stroke Technique", " Summary", " Introductory Problems", " Additional Problems", " Laboratory Experiences", "Appendices", " A. Basic Mathematics and Related Skills", " B. Trigonometric Functions", " C. Common Units of Measurement", " D. Anthropometric Parameters for the Human Body", "Glossary", "Index".

Glimrende instruktionsbog til menneske set som mekanisk konstruktion.… (mais)